论文写作主动语态与被动语态的区别

学术写作中的考试政策是很多考生和家长关心的事。论文写作时，时态和语态的灵活运用是基本功，主动语态让句子更直接，被动语态便于强调研究对象。今天小编分享的就是论文各部分时态的具体用法，配合实际例句演示如何在不同语境下选择合适的语态和时态。感到兴趣的朋友们与小编继续往下看吧

主动语态-主语为行动的实施方。

被动语态-主语为行动的接收方。

在撰写科学论文时我们会使用各种各样的时态。下面是一些在不同时态下使用主动语态和被动语态的例子：

1.现在时-通常在概论，讨论和结论中使用的时态

Example 1:

Active: Vitamin A increases the risk of hair loss.

Passive: The risk of hair loss is increased by vitamin A.

Example 2:

Active: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industries and vehicleexhausts can induce a series of environmental problems, including photochemicalsmog, broken ozonosphere, and environmental pollution.

Passive: A series of environmental problems, including photochemical smog,broken ozonosphere, and environmental pollution, can be induced by volatileorganic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industries and vehicle exhausts.

2.现在时-通常在目标中使用的时态

Example 1:

Active: In this study, we present our design of an electric hot water tank.

Passive: In this study, a design of an electric hot water tank is presented.

Example 2:

Active: This study develops an efficient methodology to examine a space–timecontinuous dataset for urban irrigation water use.

Passive: An efficient methodology to examine a space–time continuous datasetfor urban irrigation water use is developed in this study.

3.现在完成时-通常在概论，讨论和总结中使用的时态

Example 1:

Active: Previous studies have used comparative analysis of ORF2 sequences toelucidate phylogenetic relationships among different FCV isolates.

Passive: Comparative analysis of ORF2 sequences has been used in previousstudies to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among different FCV isolates.

Example 2:

Active: only a small number of empirical studies have focused on the patternsand mechanisms behind disease clusters at small spatial scales, especially inwild host–pathogen systems [2].

Passive: The patterns and mechanisms behind disease clusters at small spatialscales, especially in wild host–pathogen systems, have been focused on by onlya small number of empirical studies [2].

4.过去时：通常用于材料与方法/结果

Example 1:

Active: We determined the presence of larvae by dip netting.

Passive: The presence of larvae was determined by dip netting.

Example 2:

Active: We evaluated the number of haplotypes (h), haplotypes (Hd), andnucleotides (π) using the DnaSP 5.10 program [3].

Passive: The number of haplotypes (h), haplotypes (Hd), and nucleotides (π) wasevaluated using the DnaSP 5.10 program [3].

Example 3:

Active: We found a strong correlation between above-ground and below-groundbiomass accumulation in Platanus occidentalis.

Passive: A strong correlation was found between above-ground and below-groundbiomass accumulation in Platanus occidentalis.